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Orthopaedic Surgeon

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An orthopaedic surgeon is a medically trained specialist who focuses on the musculoskeletal system. They assess patients with bone, joint, or soft tissue problems, use imaging and injections, and perform operations such as fracture fixes or joint replacements. The work combines clinical assessment, surgical skill, and teamwork with nurses, physiotherapists and other specialists. Training is lengthy but leads to a rewarding role helping people regain movement and independence after injury or illness.

Orthopaedic Surgeon

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📊 Statistics

Typical salary range

In the UK the salary for a consultant orthopaedic surgeon commonly ranges from around 79,000 to 120,000 per year, with higher NHS pay bands and private practice potential increasing earnings.

Job demand and roles

Orthopaedic surgeons diagnose and treat musculoskeletal conditions, perform operations such as joint replacements and fracture repairs, and may specialise in areas like spine, trauma, or paediatric orthopaedics. The NHS employs many specialists across hospitals, with additional opportunities in private hospitals.

Training length

Typical training takes about 10 to 14 years post graduate entry, including medical school, foundation years, core surgical training, specialty training, and fellowships before becoming a consultant.

🚀 Careers in this path

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Sports medicine consultant

Specialist in treating athletic injuries and improving performance, with a focus on non surgical and surgical management for athletes and active individuals

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Pediatric orthopaedic registrar

Orthopaedic surgeon specialising in bone and joint conditions in children and adolescents, including growth related issues and congenital deformities

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Orthopaedic research fellow

Early career role focusing on advancing surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods through clinical studies and trials

Stage 1: Foundation and Medical Training

Complete A levels or equivalent science subjects

Secure strong grades in relevant sciences to meet medical school entry requirements.

Aim for A level subjects such as Biology, Chemistry and Maths or Physics. Engage in science clubs and health related volunteering to strengthen your application. Consider gaining work experience in clinics or hospitals to understand clinical settings.

Study Medicine at a recognised medical school

Enter a five or six year medical degree programme recognised in the UK.

Choose a medical school with good clinical exposure and early patient contact. Plan for intercalated degrees or research years if offered. Prepare for the UK medical licensing exams during and after qualification.

Complete Foundation Programme (FY1-FY2) and Foundation Year

Gain broad medical experience and rotate through core specialties.

The two year Foundation Programme provides structured supervision, performance assessments and essential clinical competencies. Focus on developing communication, teamwork and basic surgical skills as you prepare for surgical training.

Stage 2: Surgical Training and Specialisation

Enter Core Surgical Training or Specialty Recruitment

Apply for Core Surgical Training or directly pursue a pathway towards Orthopaedics.

Competition is high; secure strong references, evidence of surgical interest, and elective experiences in orthopaedics. Demonstrate commitment through research, audits or presentations. Complete MRCS (Member of the Royal College of Surgeons) where applicable.

Complete Orthopaedic Specialist Training (ST years)

Undertake a structured orthopaedic training programme to become a consultant.

This multi year training includes rotations in trauma, sports medicine, paediatric orthopaedics, spine, and joint replacement. Participate in clinics, theatres and research. Accumulate operative skills and build a portfolio for consultant appointment.

Pass UK Fellowship examinations and achieve Consultant Status

Demonstrate advanced competence and leadership in orthopaedics.

Prepare for fellowship assessments, publish research and contribute to departmental governance. Upon successful completion, apply for consultant posts in NHS trusts or private practice.

Stage 3: Establishing Practice and Continuing Development

Secure consultant position and set your clinical focus

Define your subspecialty interests and the services you will lead.

Orthopaedics encompasses trauma, arthroplasty, arthroscopy, paediatric orthopaedics, spine, sports medicine and more. Develop a clear service plan, contribute to MDTs, and establish pathways for patient care and rehabilitation.

Engage in continued professional development and research

Keep up to date with innovations and improve patient outcomes.

Attend conferences, pursue fellowships or additional qualifications, join orthopaedic societies, and publish research. Lead quality improvement projects within your department.

Support training and mentorship

Mentor junior doctors and contribute to student education.

Provide supervision in theatres, clinics and multidisciplinary meetings. Help with recruitment, appraisals and curriculum development to nurture the next generation of surgeons.

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🎯 View Apprenticeships

Explore relevant apprenticeships that can help you kickstart your career in Orthopaedic Surgeon. Apprenticeships offer hands-on experience and training while earning a wage.

Career Progressions

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Sample Qualifications

An orthopaedic surgeon is a medical doctor who specialises in musculoskeletal surgery; the title Surgeon is the closest match among the provided options in terms of professional scope. Both roles require a medical degree, registration with the General Medical Council (GMC) in the UK, and extensive surgical training through specialty training and fellowships to practise as a consultant.

How to become

You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.

University

To become a surgeon you'll need to complete:

  • a degree in medicine recognised by the General Medical Council
  • a 2-year foundation programme of general training
  • core surgical training in a hospital which takes 2 years
  • specialist training which can take up to 6 years

A medical degree normally takes 5 years to complete. Some courses have the option to include an extra year if you want to study a subject further. This is called an intercalated year.

You might be able to study a foundation year before starting a medical degree. This will depend on your circumstances or if you have not studied enough sciences. Check with the admissions department where you want to study.

If you already have a degree, you could take a 4-year graduate entry route into medicine. There’s lots of competition and entry requirements vary, so check with the admissions department where you want to study.

Entry tests

When you apply for a course in medicine, you may be asked to take the University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT).

It tests the skills you'll need on the course, like critical thinking, problem solving, data analysis, communication and scientific knowledge.

Work experience

Medical schools will also expect you to have some relevant paid or voluntary work experience. The British Medical Association provides information on how to find a placement.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • at least 5 GCSEs grades 9 to 7 (A* or A), including English maths and sciences
  • 3 A levels, or equivalent, including biology and chemistry

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Apprenticeship

You might be able to do a doctor degree apprenticeship which will take around 5 years to complete.

The apprenticeship is recognised by the General Medical Council.

You could then progress to the foundation course of general training before completing the specialist training.

Entry requirements

Employers will set their own entry requirements.

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Volunteering

You can gain valuable caring skills from volunteering in education, health, charity or social care settings. You could:

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Registration

Career tips

The General Medical Council has a guide on what it means to be a good doctor. You might find this useful when preparing for medical school interviews.

You can use online resources to find out more about the types of interviews you can expect to get into for medical school.

Professional and industry bodies

You could join the British Medical Association for professional development and training opportunities.

Further information

You can find out more about becoming a surgeon from the Royal College of Surgeons and Health Careers.

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