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Air Traffic Controller

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Air traffic controllers are responsible for managing the safe and orderly movement of aircraft in UK airspace and at airports. They coordinate take-offs, landings, and the routeing of planes, ensuring that aircraft remain at safe distances from each other. This role requires excellent communication skills, the ability to work under pressure, and strong problem-solving abilities. Controllers work in control towers at airports, area control centres, or approach control units, using radar and radio communication to direct pilots and coordinate with other controllers. Shift work is common as air traffic control is needed around the clock. Rigorous training and assessments are required, and controllers must maintain high levels of concentration throughout their shifts.

Air Traffic Controller

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📊 Statistics

Average Salary

Air traffic controllers in the UK typically earn between £37,000 and £70,000 per year, with experienced controllers potentially earning upwards of £100,000.

Number of Positions

There are around 2,000 to 2,500 air traffic controllers employed in the UK, mainly at airports and area control centres.

Training Duration

Becoming a fully qualified air traffic controller can take between 2 and 4 years, including both classroom and on-the-job training.

🚀 Careers in this path

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Approach Controller

Manages aircraft as they approach an airport, ensuring safe and efficient sequencing for landing.

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Area Controller

Oversees aircraft flying at high altitudes between airports, guiding them across large regions of controlled airspace.

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Aerodrome Controller

Directs aircraft on the ground and in the immediate airspace around an airport, handling take-offs, landings, and ground movements.

Research and Preparation

Understand the Role

Learn about the duties, responsibilities, and work environment of an Air Traffic Controller.

Research what an Air Traffic Controller does day-to-day, including the types of air traffic control (area, approach, and aerodrome or tower). Explore the pressures and rewards of the job, shift patterns, and potential career progression. Consider speaking with professionals or arranging a visit to an airport control tower if possible.

Check Entry Requirements

Find out the qualifications and skills required to become an Air Traffic Controller in the UK.

Air Traffic Controllers in the UK are trained by NATS (National Air Traffic Services) or other approved providers. You do not need a university degree, but you must have at least five GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A to C), including English and Maths. Good eyesight, hearing, and a medical assessment are also required. You must be at least 18 years old to apply for training.

Apply for and Complete Training

Apply for a Training Programme

Submit an application to a recognised Air Traffic Controller training provider, such as NATS.

Applications for NATS training are highly competitive. You will go through a selection process that includes aptitude tests, interviews, and group exercises to assess your suitability for the role. Successful applicants begin a paid training programme, which may take up to three years.

Complete Initial and On-the-Job Training

Undertake and pass the initial college-based training, followed by practical on-the-job training at a control centre or airport.

Initial training covers theory, communication, and simulated practical exercises. On-the-job training allows you to work alongside experienced controllers, applying your knowledge in real situations. You must pass assessments at each stage to progress and gain your Air Traffic Controller licence.

Begin Your Career and Progress

Secure a Position

Gain your Air Traffic Controller licence and apply for entry-level roles at airports or area control centres.

Once qualified, you can work in different types of air traffic control, such as aerodrome (tower), approach, or area control. Locations vary from busy international airports to regional control centres. The role involves shift work and ongoing assessments.

Continue Professional Development

Build experience and pursue further training or specialisation to advance your career.

You may specialise in different types of control or move into supervisory, training, or management roles. Regular refresher training and medical checks are required to maintain your licence. Some controllers also move into related roles in aviation safety, consultancy, or regulation.

🎯 View Apprenticeships

Explore relevant apprenticeships that can help you kickstart your career in Air Traffic Controller. Apprenticeships offer hands-on experience and training while earning a wage.

Career Progressions

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Sample Qualifications

Both roles involve a detailed understanding of air traffic operations, safety protocols, and technical knowledge related to aviation. They require analytical skills, attention to detail, and the ability to investigate incidents to improve safety standards in the aviation industry.

How to become

You can get into this job through:

  • a university course
  • applying directly

University

You'll usually need a degree or postgraduate qualification in engineering or a related subject. Courses include:

  • aerospace engineering
  • aeronautical engineering
  • electrical or electronic engineering
  • mechanical engineering
  • physics
  • mathematics

You may be able to do a postgraduate course in safety and accident investigation, which covers air transport.

Some investigator roles look at the part played by human factors in an incident, and a degree and postgraduate qualification in psychology would be useful for these.

As well as a university qualification, you'll need several years experience of working in aircraft engineering.

A pilot's licence may also be required for some jobs, like an air accident operations inspector.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent, including maths
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

More Information

Direct Application

You can apply directly to become an air accident investigator.

If you want to work as an operations inspector, managing an accident response team, you’ll need a pilot’s licence and flying experience.

To be an engineering investigator or flight data recorder inspector, you’ll need a relevant degree or postgraduate qualification and several years’ recent experience in aerospace engineering.

You can also take short courses in accident investigation techniques, which may help broaden your knowledge of the role and skills required.

More Information

Further information

You can find out more about how to become an investigator from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch.

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