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Air Traffic Controller

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Air traffic controllers are responsible for directing aircraft safely through UK airspace and at airports. They monitor and communicate with pilots using radar and radio, providing instructions for take-off, landing, and flight paths to ensure aircraft are kept at safe distances from one another. The role demands strong concentration, quick decision-making, and the ability to work well under pressure. Air traffic controllers work in control towers at airports, area control centres, or approach control offices. The job involves shift work, including nights and weekends, and requires rigorous training and assessment. This career is vital for maintaining the safety and efficiency of air travel.

Air Traffic Controller

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📊 Statistics

Average Salary

Air traffic controllers in the UK typically earn between £37,000 and £100,000 per year depending on experience and location.

Job Opportunities

There are around 2,000 practising air traffic controllers in the UK, with limited new positions each year due to the high level of training required.

Training Duration

It usually takes between 2 and 3 years to become fully qualified, starting with basic training and progressing to on-the-job experience.

🚀 Careers in this path

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Approach Controller

Manages aircraft as they approach an airport, guiding them safely into the landing pattern and ensuring proper spacing.

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Aerodrome Controller

Controls aircraft movements on the ground and in the immediate airspace around an airport, including runways and taxiways.

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En Route Controller

Directs aircraft travelling through controlled airspace between airports, ensuring safe and efficient flow along flight paths.

Research the Role

Understand What Air Traffic Controllers Do

Learn about the daily responsibilities, work environment, and skills required for air traffic controllers.

Research online through trusted sources such as the National Careers Service, NATS (National Air Traffic Services), and career videos. Try to find out about the pressures of the job, the importance of communication, and the types of decisions you would make. Consider speaking with someone in the industry or arranging a visit to an airport if possible.

Check Entry Requirements

Find out the qualifications and skills needed to apply for air traffic controller training in the UK.

Most air traffic controllers in the UK are trained by NATS. You usually need at least five GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 or equivalent, including English and Maths. Some people have A-levels or a degree, but these are not essential. Good eyesight, concentration, and clear communication are also necessary. You must be at least 18 to apply to NATS.

Apply and Train

Apply for Training with NATS or Other Approved Providers

Submit an application to NATS or another approved training provider for air traffic controller training.

You will need to complete an online application form and may have to pass several stages of assessments, including aptitude tests and interviews. Successful applicants are invited to begin a training programme, which usually lasts around 12 to 18 months and takes place at the NATS training college in Hampshire.

Complete Initial Training and Assessments

Undergo intensive classroom and simulation-based training, covering theory and practical skills.

Training includes learning about air law, meteorology, navigation, and using radar and communication equipment. You will also practise scenarios in simulators. Passing regular assessments is required to progress. Support is provided throughout, but high standards must be maintained.

Qualify and Gain Experience

Gain Your Air Traffic Controller Licence

After completing initial training, pass the necessary exams and assessments to obtain your licence.

You will need to demonstrate your skills in real-life situations under supervision. Once you pass all the required assessments and exams, you will receive your Air Traffic Controller licence, allowing you to work independently in the role.

Progress Your Career and Specialise

Start work as a qualified air traffic controller and consider areas for progression or specialisation.

You might begin in a tower or approach control unit, with opportunities to move into area control, training, or management roles as you gain experience. Ongoing training and professional development are important, and you may specialise in certain types of airspace or take on supervisory responsibilities.

🎯 View Apprenticeships

Explore relevant apprenticeships that can help you kickstart your career in Air Traffic Controller. Apprenticeships offer hands-on experience and training while earning a wage.

Career Progressions

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Sample Qualifications

Both careers require a strong understanding of aviation systems, safety protocols, and technical knowledge related to aircraft and air traffic management. They also involve investigative skills to analyse incidents, ensuring safety and compliance within the aviation industry.

How to become

You can get into this job through:

  • a university course
  • applying directly

University

You'll usually need a degree or postgraduate qualification in engineering or a related subject. Courses include:

  • aerospace engineering
  • aeronautical engineering
  • electrical or electronic engineering
  • mechanical engineering
  • physics
  • mathematics

You may be able to do a postgraduate course in safety and accident investigation, which covers air transport.

Some investigator roles look at the part played by human factors in an incident, and a degree and postgraduate qualification in psychology would be useful for these.

As well as a university qualification, you'll need several years experience of working in aircraft engineering.

A pilot's licence may also be required for some jobs, like an air accident operations inspector.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent, including maths
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

More Information

Direct Application

You can apply directly to become an air accident investigator.

If you want to work as an operations inspector, managing an accident response team, you’ll need a pilot’s licence and flying experience.

To be an engineering investigator or flight data recorder inspector, you’ll need a relevant degree or postgraduate qualification and several years’ recent experience in aerospace engineering.

You can also take short courses in accident investigation techniques, which may help broaden your knowledge of the role and skills required.

More Information

Further information

You can find out more about how to become an investigator from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch.

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