A penetration tester, sometimes known as an ethical hacker, is an IT security expert who is hired to legally break into computer systems, networks, or applications. The aim is to identify and fix security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them. Penetration testers use a variety of tools and techniques to simulate cyberattacks, document their findings, and provide recommendations for improving security. This career often requires strong technical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and an understanding of how cyber threats evolve. Penetration testers work with businesses, government organisations, and security consultancies to help protect sensitive information and systems.
Penetration testers in the UK typically earn between £35,000 and £65,000 per year, with senior roles reaching up to £90,000.
The demand for cybersecurity professionals, including penetration testers, has grown by over 40 percent in the last five years in the UK.
There are currently over 2,500 open positions for penetration testers and related roles advertised across the UK.
Focuses on finding security weaknesses in websites and online applications by simulating cyber attacks and providing recommendations for improving protection.
Specialises in testing the security of computer networks, identifying vulnerabilities in routers, switches, and firewalls to help organisations stay secure.
Simulates real-world cyber attacks on an organisation's systems to test defences and help improve security by thinking and acting like a potential attacker.
Take GCSEs or A-levels in Computer Science, Maths, or related subjects to build your understanding of technology.
Strong foundational knowledge in computing and maths is essential for a career in cyber security. If your school offers it, choose Computer Science as a GCSE or A-level. Mathematics and Physics can also help develop problem-solving skills. You can also explore coding clubs or online courses to boost your skills.
Start learning programming languages such as Python or JavaScript, which are commonly used in security testing.
Programming is vital for understanding how systems work and how vulnerabilities can be exploited. Free resources are available online, such as Codecademy, FreeCodeCamp, or the National Cyber Security Centre's CyberFirst courses. Focus on Python as it is widely used in security roles.
Join online competitions like Capture The Flag (CTF) or cyber security clubs to practise real-world hacking skills.
Competitions such as Cyber Discovery and CyberFirst offer opportunities to solve puzzles and simulate hacking tasks. These challenges test your skills in a safe environment and can be a great way to meet others interested in cyber security.
Set up a virtual lab on your computer to safely practise penetration testing techniques.
Using free tools like VirtualBox and Kali Linux, you can create an environment to experiment with penetration testing tools and methods. This hands-on experience is valued by employers and is useful for developing your skills outside the classroom.
Work towards a university degree in cyber security, computer science, or gain industry certifications like CompTIA Security+, CEH, or OSCP.
Many employers look for degrees in computing or cyber security, but industry-recognised certifications can also get you started. The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) or Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) are well-respected qualifications. Apprenticeships in cyber security are another practical route into the field.
Look for entry-level jobs such as security analyst or IT support to gain experience and progress towards a penetration tester position.
Many penetration testers start in roles such as IT support, junior security analyst, or network administrator. These roles provide practical experience with systems and security operations, helping you develop the skills needed for penetration testing. After gaining experience, you can apply for more specialised penetration testing roles.
Please note that this may not be a comprehensive list of available apprenticeships. To view a more complete collection, visit the Find an apprenticeship service.
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A Penetration Tester and a Computer games tester both focus on testing systems to identify vulnerabilities or bugs. Both roles require meticulous attention to detail, understanding of software mechanics, and the ability to simulate real-world scenarios to evaluate security or functionality.
You can get into this job through:
You could do a foundation degree, higher national diploma or degree in:
You'll usually need:
You could take a college course, which may help you to find a job as a junior tester.
Courses include:
Entry requirements for these courses vary.
You could apply to do a Software Tester Level 4 Higher Apprenticeship.
This usually takes around 2 years to complete as a mix of learning on the job and study.
You'll usually need:
You could contact games companies about part-time or short-term work experience opportunities.
You'll need good technical and problem solving skills and an in-depth understanding of different game platforms and quality assurance processes.
Some game companies release test versions of games for the public to try and to report back on.
You might also go to gaming events where you could:
You can get details about careers in gaming from ScreenSkills and Into Games.
You can also find out more about working in the creative sector from Discover Creative Careers.
Explore other careers or use our AI to discover personalised paths based on your interests.
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