Penetration testers, sometimes known as ethical hackers, are cybersecurity professionals who simulate cyberattacks on computer systems, networks, and applications to identify and fix security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them. They use a variety of tools and techniques to mimic real-world attacks, document their findings, and provide recommendations for improving security. Penetration testers often work for specialist security consultancies or large organisations with significant IT infrastructure. The role requires a strong understanding of IT systems, problem-solving skills, and a commitment to ethical standards, as well as keeping up to date with the latest cyber threats.
The average salary for a penetration tester in the UK ranges from £35,000 to £65,000 per year, with experienced professionals earning up to £90,000.
There were over 1,500 job postings for penetration testers in the UK in 2023, reflecting strong demand as organisations focus on cybersecurity.
Most entry-level roles require a degree in computer science, information security, or related fields, and many employers look for industry certifications such as CREST, OSCP, or CEH.
Focuses on identifying and fixing security vulnerabilities in websites and online applications, using specialised tools and techniques.
Specialises in testing and securing an organisation’s computer networks by simulating attacks and evaluating defences.
Works as part of a team that takes on the role of an attacker to test the effectiveness of an organisation’s security systems and response protocols.
Pursue GCSEs and A-levels in computer science, IT, or related subjects.
Having a solid understanding of computers, operating systems, and networks is essential for a career in penetration testing. Consider taking relevant GCSEs and progressing to A-levels or equivalent qualifications in IT or computer science. This will help you understand the basics of how computer systems work and interact.
Gain skills in networking, operating systems, and cyber security basics.
Start learning about how networks operate, including protocols, firewalls, and routers. Resources such as CompTIA Network+ or introductory online courses can be very helpful. Additionally, familiarise yourself with basic cyber security principles, such as data protection, malware, and encryption.
Practise ethical hacking using online labs and virtual environments.
There are many safe, legal platforms for practising penetration testing, such as Hack The Box, TryHackMe, or setting up your own virtual lab at home. These will allow you to test skills in real-world scenarios without any risk. Practising regularly helps to build confidence and skill in identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities.
Work towards entry-level cyber security certifications.
Certifications such as CompTIA Security+, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), or Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) are highly regarded in the industry. These validate your skills and knowledge, and can make you stand out to potential employers. Many certifications also provide structured learning paths.
Look for positions such as junior penetration tester, IT security analyst, or cyber security trainee.
Gaining experience in a junior role allows you to build on your knowledge while learning from experienced professionals. These roles provide valuable exposure to real-world security issues and the opportunity to develop your skills further. Keep developing your skills and work towards more advanced penetration testing roles.
Engage with cyber security communities and attend industry events.
Being part of professional organisations, online forums, and attending conferences or meetups can help you stay updated on the latest trends and threats. Networking with others in the industry can lead to mentoring opportunities and job leads.
Explore relevant apprenticeships that can help you kickstart your career in Penetration Tester. Apprenticeships offer hands-on experience and training while earning a wage.
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A Penetration Tester is responsible for assessing the security of computer systems and providing detailed findings, which is similar to a Test lead's role in managing and overseeing testing processes. Both positions require a strong understanding of testing methodologies, problem-solving skills, and the ability to identify vulnerabilities or issues to improve system security or functionality.
You can get into this job through:
You could do a degree or postgraduate course in:
You may have an advantage when you look for work if your degree includes a work placement, internship or a year in industry.
You'll usually need:
You could do a software tester higher apprenticeship or a digital technology solutions degree apprenticeship.
Then you'll need to get more experience as a software tester or similar job to become a test lead.
You'll usually need:
You could join a company as a software tester, for example through a graduate training scheme.
Once you have built up enough experience, you could apply for jobs as a test lead.
You could apply directly for jobs if you have 3 to 5 years' experience in software testing and quality assurance.
You may also find it helpful to have:
You'll find it useful to understand different types of project management, such as agile delivery.
You can find out more about careers in computing from The Chartered Institute for IT and techskills.
Explore other careers or use our AI to discover personalised paths based on your interests.
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