4.6 Waves

Unit Summary

Mapped against the AQA GCSE Physics specification, this unit on Introduction to Waves is designed to consolidate and extend students’ understanding of how energy is transferred through waves. Building on prior learning from Key Stage 3 — particularly in topics such as sound, light, and energy transfer — the unit introduces the distinction between transverse and longitudinal waves, explores wave behaviour, and develops students’ ability to use and rearrange the wave speed equation involving speed, frequency, and wavelength.

The lessons are sequenced to build knowledge progressively. While schools have flexibility to adapt the sequence to suit their curriculum, the unit follows a cumulative approach in which fundamental concepts such as oscillations, amplitude, and wavefronts are introduced early, laying the groundwork for more complex ideas like graphical representation of waves and wave interactions.

Throughout the unit, both substantive knowledge (e.g. properties and types of waves, behaviour at boundaries) and disciplinary knowledge (e.g. using models, evaluating accuracy in measurements, and analysing patterns in data) are interwoven. A central component is the required practical using a ripple tank to investigate the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength in water. This hands-on activity allows students to apply theoretical principles, reinforcing the mathematical and physical understanding of wave behaviour in a real-world context.

At Developing Experts, we are committed to helping schools deliver the National Curriculum while broadening students’ scientific curiosity and career awareness. This unit draws explicit connections between wave physics and careers in sound engineering, marine exploration, acoustics, telecommunications, and medical imaging (e.g. ultrasound). These real-world links help students recognise how the study of waves supports technological development and public services, from underwater sonar systems to seismic wave analysis and wireless communication. By embedding career insights and applications of physics in society, students are encouraged to see science not only as academic content but as a foundation for a wide range of STEM career pathways.