Resources: Class presentation, colouring pencils, PhET Slide, batteries, bulbs, alligator clips, buzzers or bells, switches and wires.
Core Handout (2): The first task on the handout asks children to construct the four circuits that are pictured. The second task asks children to match the component to its picture and description.
Stretch Handout: This extension handout asks the children to construct and draw a simple circuit they might find in a real-world context. They do not need to use circuit symbols.
Enquiry Approach - Problem-solving
Applying prior scientific knowledge to solve problems and answer further questions.
Enquiry Skill - Setting up tests
Carefully following a method and using equipment accurately to carry out a scientific enquiry. The method may be designed by teachers or children themselves.
Recap on the children’s prior learning by asking them to sort the appliances that run on batteries and those that run on mains electricity. Ask them what the safety rules are when using electricity.
Starter challenge: Give the children all the equipment they need to create a series circuit with a single bulb. Without any input or instruction, challenge the children to make their bulb light. This is a fun activity to enable the children to handle and examine the equipment before they learn what each part does whilst also implementing their knowledge of electrical safety. By the end of the lesson, they will be able to say why their bulb did or did not light.
In the presentation, the children will learn about a series circuit and how electricity flows from the positive end of a battery to the negative end. They will learn that only a complete series circuit will work. The children will also discover 6 different electrical components - bulb, switch, battery, switch, buzzer and bell.
Rocket Thinking - Teacher Notes: An agree or disagree question enables the children to think critically, explore different viewpoints and identify misconceptions or errors. The following statements are all incorrect:
The purpose of this activity is to address any misconceptions the children may have about why electrical circuits work and where power ultimately comes from. For example, since we usually notice appliances ‘working’ when they are turned ‘on’, it is easy to assume that it is the switch that generates this power. Children may also believe the path electricity flows along is a straight line, rather than a loop, as the wires they use to charge devices, etc., appear to only connect in one direction. It is important to clarify that both the ‘entry’ and ‘exit’ wires are within the same plastic casing.
Career Film: Take a tour around Rolls-Royce Submarines' Nuclear Skills Academy to find out about Jon's job. Jon works as a Systems Engineer for Rolls-Royce Submarines.
Expert Film: This is Chris. Chris works as a Materials Engineer for Rolls-Royce Submarines. Listen to Chris as he describes electrical components in a series circuit.
Using the first handout, ask the children to make circuits with each of the following components: a bulb, a buzzer/bell and a switch. Then, using the second handout, ask the children to match each component to its picture and description. They can also discuss what they notice happens when they open and close the switch in a complete circuit.
Challenge Task: Using the stretch handout, ask the children to construct and draw a picture of a simple circuit that might be used in the electrical appliances in the pictures. They do not need to use circuit symbols. Then, ask the children to use the PhET slide to model out a circuit with the components. Ask them to explain how their circuit works to their talk partner.
Using the PhET slide to model the circuits, ask the children to show and tell how their circuits work.
In a series circuit, electrical components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for the current to flow. The current is the same at any point in the circuit, and the voltage is divided among the components in the circuit. Here are the main components that can be used in a series circuit:
Power source: A power source, such as a battery or generator, provides the electrical energy that is used to power the circuit.
Cell: A single unit that provides the electrical energy to push current around a circuit. It has a positive end (+) and a negative end (–). One AA, AAA, C, or D ‘battery’
Battery: Two or more cells connected together in series to provide more energy (greater voltage). A 9V battery or 2 or more of the cells above in a battery holder.
Wires (conductors): Metal (usually copper) wires are used to connect the different components of the circuit and provide a path for the current to flow. They are covered in insulating plastic for safety.
Bulb (lamp): A component that produces light when current flows through a thin metal filament inside. Some energy is also transferred as heat.
Switch: A device that can open (break) or close (complete) the circuit, controlling whether current can flow.
Buzzer: A component that converts electrical energy into sound by vibrating when current flows.
Motor: A component that converts electrical energy into movement (usually rotational motion).
Understanding the function and properties of each component is essential for designing and building a functional and safe series circuit. It is important to select components with the appropriate specifications and to follow proper wiring and safety practices when working with electrical circuits.
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