English National Curriculum - Science

Evidence for evolution - Fossils

Mission Objectives

Describe how fossils form and the different ways organisms can be preserved

Explain why the fossil record is incomplete and why scientists are not certain how life began

Explain what fossils show about how organisms have changed over time and how this supports evolution

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Keywords

Words and meanings to learn

fossil record

the total collection of fossils discovered worldwide, which provides evidence for how life on Earth has changed over billions of years

transitional form

a fossil showing features intermediate between two different groups of organisms, providing evidence of evolutionary change

fossilisation

the process by which the remains or traces of an organism are preserved in rock, either through mineral replacement or by preventing decay

fossil

the remains or traces of organisms from millions of years ago, preserved in rock

sedimentary rock

rock formed in layers from deposited sediment over time, in which most fossils are found. Deeper layers are generally older than shallower layers

This lesson has been written by

Samantha Batch

Samantha is an accomplished science educator whose current work centres on curriculum design and professional development, supporting teachers to deliver high-quality science education through evidence-informed approaches. She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and has worked as an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and what students need to succeed.

Underpinning this is a strong foundation in applied science built across a range of industry roles. Samantha has held scientific roles at John Smith's Brewery, Yorkshire Water and WasteCare, where she led technical projects, drove operational efficiencies and ensured compliance with industry standards. Across these roles she has first-hand experience of how scientific knowledge translates into measurable outcomes in professional and commercial environments.

In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket. 

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