English National Curriculum - Science

Genetic engineering

Mission Objectives

Define genetic engineering and explain the process by which an organism's genome can be modified

Evaluate the applications of genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture (HT: describe the detailed steps involved in transferring a gene from one organism to another)

Discuss the economic, social and ethical arguments surrounding genetic engineering and GM crops

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Keywords

Words and meanings to learn

vector

a carrier used to introduce a new gene into a host organism, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus

genetic engineering

the process of modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

restriction enzyme

an enzyme used to cut DNA at a specific sequence

GM organism

an organism whose genome has been altered by genetic engineering to include a gene from another species, giving it a new characteristic or ability

plasmid

a small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria, used as a vector to carry a new gene into a host organism during genetic engineering

This lesson has been written by

Samantha Batch

Samantha is an accomplished science educator whose current work centres on curriculum design and professional development, supporting teachers to deliver high-quality science education through evidence-informed approaches. She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and has worked as an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and what students need to succeed.

Underpinning this is a strong foundation in applied science built across a range of industry roles. Samantha has held scientific roles at John Smith's Brewery, Yorkshire Water and WasteCare, where she led technical projects, drove operational efficiencies and ensured compliance with industry standards. Across these roles she has first-hand experience of how scientific knowledge translates into measurable outcomes in professional and commercial environments.

In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket. 

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