Ecologists study the relationships between living organisms and their environments. Their work often involves conducting surveys, collecting data in the field, and using scientific methods to understand how ecosystems function and how human activity affects them. Ecologists may specialise in areas such as freshwater, marine, terrestrial, or urban ecology. They contribute to environmental impact assessments, advise on conservation projects, and help develop policies to protect natural resources. Most ecologists work for environmental consultancies, government agencies, charities, or research institutions. The role may involve a mixture of outdoor fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and report writing. Attention to detail, strong scientific knowledge, and a passion for the environment are key qualities for this career.
Entry-level ecologists in the UK typically earn between £20,000 and £25,000 per year, while experienced ecologists can earn up to £40,000 or more.
There are over 8,000 people employed as ecologists and related conservation professionals in the UK, with the sector expected to grow due to increased focus on the environment.
Most ecologists work 37 to 40 hours per week, but fieldwork may require early starts, late finishes, or weekend work, especially during peak seasons.
Studies rivers, lakes, and streams to understand the plants and animals that live there and how to protect these environments.
Works to protect endangered species and habitats, often creating plans to help nature recover from damage.
Carries out surveys to monitor the numbers and health of animals and plants in a specific area, often working outdoors.
Focus on subjects such as Biology, Chemistry, Geography, and Environmental Science at GCSE and A-level.
Biology is particularly important, as it provides the core knowledge needed for ecology. Chemistry and Geography are also relevant, as they help you understand the environmental and physical processes that impact ecosystems. Consider joining science clubs or taking part in environmental projects to deepen your interest.
Aim for high grades in science-based subjects to meet university entry requirements.
Most ecology-related university courses will require at least a grade 4 or above in English and Maths GCSEs, alongside good A-level results—usually including Biology or Environmental Science. Research specific course requirements early, as some universities may ask for additional subjects.
Choose a university course in Ecology, Environmental Science, Biology, or Conservation.
Look for courses with fieldwork opportunities, practical experience, and modules that interest you. Some universities offer sandwich degrees with a year in industry, which can be very valuable for gaining hands-on experience and contacts in the field.
Take part in research projects, internships, or volunteer work related to ecology.
Many organisations, such as local wildlife trusts, conservation groups, or research labs, offer opportunities for students to gain experience. This will enhance your CV and give you practical skills in surveying, data collection, and teamwork, which are highly valued by employers.
Apply for jobs such as Assistant Ecologist, Conservation Officer, or Environmental Consultant.
Entry-level roles are available in government agencies, environmental consultancies, charities, and research organisations. These roles may involve fieldwork, ecological surveys, data analysis, or public education. Be prepared to start with a junior position and work your way up as you gain more experience.
Join organisations like the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) and attend relevant training.
Professional memberships can help you network, keep up to date with industry changes, and access specialist training. You might also consider postgraduate study in a specialised area of ecology to advance your career further.
Conservation officers focus on protecting and managing natural habitats and wildlife. They often work with local communities and organisations to implement conservation projects and policies.
Environmental consultants provide expert advice to businesses and government bodies on how to minimise environmental damage. They conduct assessments, audits, and help ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Wildlife biologists study animals and their habitats, often focusing on species conservation, behaviour, and population dynamics. Their work helps inform management and protection strategies for wildlife.
Please note that this may not be a comprehensive list of available apprenticeships. To view a more complete collection, visit the Find an apprenticeship service.
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You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.
You'll need a degree or postgraduate qualification in a subject like:
You'll usually need:
You might be able to start by applying for an Ecologist Level 7 Degree Apprenticeship.
This usually takes around 3 years to complete.
You'll usually need:
a degree in a relevant subject
Volunteering is a great way to get practical experience and skills, meet new people and develop useful contacts. This might improve your chances of finding work.
You can find volunteering opportunities with:
You can join the British Ecological Society, which offers mentoring from experienced ecologists, research news, and education and job search support.
You can find more details about careers in ecology through the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management and Green Jobs for Nature.
Explore other careers or use our AI to discover personalised paths based on your interests.
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