Resources: Class presentation, a torch, batteries, a bulb, a switch, alligator clips and wires. A variety of materials that can be used as a switch, such as paper clips, tin foil, pins, safety pins and coins. Include some resources for the children to stick or pin their switches to, such as card or cardboard.
Support Handout (1): This handout provides the children with a scaffolded way to explain their predictions using tick boxes for Task 1. For Task 2, sentence starters have been provided to support instruction writing.
Core Handout (2): Task 1 asks children to state if four different circuits which contain switches will light up. Task 2 asks children to design their own switch and write instructions on how to make it.
Enquiry Approach - Problem-solving
Applying prior scientific knowledge to solve problems and answer further questions.
Enquiry Skill - Setting up tests
Carefully following a method and using equipment accurately to carry out a scientific enquiry. The method may be designed by teachers or children themselves.
Recap on the previous lesson by asking the children the following questions: What is an insulator? Can you give some examples? What is a conductor? Which materials are good conductors?
Using the switch on a torch, turn the light on and off. Discuss how the light works. Using the switch on the wall, turn the lights on and off. Discuss how the light works.
During the presentation, the children will discover what an electrical switch is and how it works. The presentation explains that a switch opens and closes, so it either causes a break in a circuit when open or completes the circuit when closed.
Career Film: Take a tour around Rolls-Royce Submarines' Nuclear Skills Academy to find out about Glen's job. Glen works as a Software Engineer for Rolls-Royce Submarines.
Expert Film: This is Glen. Glen works as a Software Engineer for Rolls-Royce Submarines. Listen to Glen as he describes electrical switches.
Task 1: Look at four different circuit diagrams. Predict and then observe whether the switch will enable the bulb to light when placed in different positions in the circuit.
Task 2: Ask the children to create a switch. Allow them to explore the different materials. Ask them to record what they have chosen and why. During this challenge, assess the children’s understanding of conductors and insulators. Ask them to use the handout to draw their switch and label what they have made it from. Ask them to write instructions on how to make their switch.
Challenge: Ask the children to give examples of when switches are used in everyday life and to identify different kinds of switches eg. toggles, buttons, dimmer switches etc.
Ask the children to present their switches and test them with the class. What did they use to make their switch? Do they understand that their switch must be a conductor to work?
Electrical switches are devices that control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by allowing or preventing the current from passing through the circuit. They are a fundamental component of electrical systems and are used to turn on and off lights, appliances, and other electronic devices. Switches work because they are made from conducting materials, which allow electricity to pass when touching and create a gap when separated.
There are many different types of switches:
Toggle / standard on-off switch – the common switch in homes; simply opens or closes a circuit. Example: bedroom light switch.
Push-button switch – activated by pressing; returns to its original position when released. Example: doorbells, toy buttons, remote controls.
Slide switch – moves along a track to open or close a circuit. Example: small electronic toys, some calculators.
Rocker switch – rocks back and forth to control a circuit. Example: kettle or computer power switches.
Dimmer switch – allows partial opening of a circuit to change brightness. Example: living room or bedroom lamps.
Key-operated switch – requires a key to operate, adding security. Example: car ignition, security systems.
Touch / capacitive switch – responds to touch rather than a mechanical movement. Example: modern lamps, touch-sensitive appliances.
Switches can be manual or automatic. Manual switches are controlled by a physical action, such as flipping a lever or pushing a button. Automatic switches are controlled by a sensor or timer that detects changes in the environment or programmed conditions.
When working with electrical switches, it is important to follow safety guidelines and to ensure that the switch is properly installed and wired. Faulty wiring or a malfunctioning switch can cause electrical fires or other hazards.
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