English National Curriculum - Science
Mission Objectives
Describe what tropisms are and distinguish between positive and negative responses in plants
Explain the role of auxins in controlling plant growth, including their different effects on roots and shoots
Apply knowledge of auxin distribution to explain phototropism and gravitropism in plants
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Words and meanings to learn
tropism
growth response of a plant in a particular direction due to a stimulus (e.g. light or gravity).
meristem
the region in plants where cells actively divide (growth tissue found in root and shoot tips)
gravitropism
a plant’s growth response to gravity.
phototropism
a plant’s growth response to light.
auxin
a plant hormone that controls growth by regulating cell elongation in roots and shoots.
Samantha is an accomplished science educator whose current work centres on curriculum design and professional development, supporting teachers to deliver high-quality science education through evidence-informed approaches. She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and has worked as an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and what students need to succeed.
Underpinning this is a strong foundation in applied science built across a range of industry roles. Samantha has held scientific roles at John Smith's Brewery, Yorkshire Water and WasteCare, where she led technical projects, drove operational efficiencies and ensured compliance with industry standards. Across these roles she has first-hand experience of how scientific knowledge translates into measurable outcomes in professional and commercial environments.
In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket.
Technical information
It should be emphasised that this investigation is about the responses of germinated seeds and not about factors affecting germination. Therefore, students could be supplied with dishes already prepared with germinated seeds such as white mustard (Brassica alba). Cotton wool should be damp but not excessively wet. The amount of cotton wool and water needed should be determined before the students' experiment. Cotton wool pads for make-up removal are suitable and are all the same size and thickness.
Seeds will require a day or so to germinate (depending on how warm it is). Alternative seeds, such as cress or Brassica rapa, could be used instead of white mustard seeds. However, white mustard seeds are bigger and easier to handle. You can purchase pots of cress and split them into smaller units. Partial light can be achieved by alternating a day on the windowsill with a day in the dark cupboard.
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