English National Curriculum - Science

Water and nitrogen balance

Mission Objectives

Explain why the body needs to get rid of carbon dioxide, urea, excess ions and water

Describe how the body forms the waste products carbon dioxide and urea

Describe the difference between urea and urine

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Keywords

Words and meanings to learn

kidneys

organs that removes waste products such as urea from the blood and regulates water and ion balance by producing urine

ions

charged particles, such as sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺), that are important for processes such as nerve impulses and muscle contraction

urea

a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of excess amino acids, which is excreted by the kidneys

osmosis

the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

homeostasis

the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function

This lesson has been written by

Samantha Batch

Samantha is an accomplished science educator with over 15 years of leadership experience and a strong background in scientific analysis. She has a proven record of leading departments effectively, improving practice, and working collaboratively with stakeholders.

In her current work, Samantha embeds evidence-informed pedagogical principles such as retrieval practice, clear modelling, and effective sequencing to support high-quality curriculum design and professional development. She draws on assessment insight and common misconceptions to help teachers secure strong student understanding.

She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor at Ilkley Grammar School, with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and exam requirements.

In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket. 

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