English National Curriculum - Science

Fractional distillation

Mission Objectives

Name and describe the main fractions obtained from crude oil and their common uses

Explain how fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions and how chain length affects their properties

Predict how changes in hydrocarbon chain length influence properties such as colour, viscosity, flammability and boiling point

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Keywords

Words and meanings to learn

fuel

a substance that releases energy when it burns, usually by reacting with oxygen in a combustion reaction

fractions

groups of hydrocarbons from crude oil that have similar chain lengths and boiling points

viscosity

a measure of how thick or runny a liquid is — the higher the viscosity, the thicker and less easily it flows

volatility

a measure of how easily a liquid evaporates and turns into a gas — substances with lower boiling points are more volatile

fractional distillation

a process used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points, such as separating crude oil into fractions

This lesson has been written by

Samantha Batch

Samantha is an accomplished science educator whose current work centres on curriculum design and professional development, supporting teachers to deliver high-quality science education through evidence-informed approaches. She is a former Head of Chemistry and Sixth Form Tutor with extensive Key Stage 4 and 5 experience, and has worked as an AQA examiner, giving her valuable insight into assessment standards and what students need to succeed.

Samantha has written the complete KS4 Science curriculum, fully aligned with the AQA GCSE Science: Trilogy specification. Covering biology, chemistry and physics, the curriculum is carefully sequenced so that students build knowledge cumulatively and see clear connections between concepts across the three sciences. Drawing on her experience as an examiner and on research into effective teaching, she has designed it to embed retrieval practice, clear explanation, worked examples and the required practicals throughout, preparing students for the demands of the GCSE exams. Grounded in the realities of the classroom, the curriculum is rigorous for students and manageable for busy teachers.

In her spare time, Samantha enjoys playing the accordion with her local orchestra and has recently taken up cricket. 

Sarah Mintey MBE

Sarah is a former headteacher and charity CEO who founded Developing Experts in October 2015 with the goal to create a fit-for-purpose curriculum for schools. The company has created a science curriculum for children ages 4-16 which is delivered through sequenced lessons mapped against the National Curriculum in biology, chemistry, and physics. Developing Expert's innovative approach to learning has already been road-tested and voted 'best EdTech product in Europe', winning Tech Nation’s Rising Stars earlier in 2019 and a place on Google for Startups Immersion program 2020. In 2022 Developing Experts won the BETT Awards for Best Classroom Resource - Teaching Aid. Sarah is a 'LDC Top 50 Most Ambitious Business Leader' 2022. In October 2022 Developing Experts joined Tech Nation's Upscale 8.0 programme.

Sarah is delighted to be working with over 6500 UK schools and clients such as the Royal Horticulture Society, Network Rail, Rolls Royce, BEIS, National Nuclear Labs, Anglian Water and the Ministry of Defence.

Sarah was awarded an MBE for her services to tech and education in 2020. 

Required Resources

Resources: 

Teacher demo: fractional distillation and compare the viscosity and flammability of some fractions

  • Watch glasses
  • Heatproof mat
  • White tile 
  • Lighter/matches
  • Mineral wool 
  • Pipettes
  • Handouts

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