a part of a supply chain system, process or relationship between a company and its raw materials and packaging suppliers

a life cycle product carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions generated by a product, from extraction of raw-materials to end-of-life; it is measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e)

the processes a company uses for distributing and delivering products to the final customers

the standard widely used by businesses to calculate their carbon footprint

greenhouse gas emissions are categorised into three groups or 'Scopes' by the most widely-used international accounting tool, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol; scope 1 covers direct emissions from owned or controlled sources